Physical frailty, which is common in older persons, may be related to Alzheimer’s disease pathology, according to a study published in the August 12, 2008, issue of Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.

Alzheimer Frailty Study

For the study, researchers examined the brains of 165 people who had been participants in a larger community study of chronic diseases of aging. While participants were alive, physical frailty measurements were taken yearly including grip strength, time to walk eight feet, body composition and tiredness. After death, the brains of these participants were checked for the plaques and tangles that are signs of Alzheimer’s disease pathology.

Of the participants in the study, 36 percent of the group had dementia, or showed signs of memory loss. “Interestingly, Alzheimer’s disease pathology was associated with physical frailty in older persons both with and without dementia ,” said study author Aron S. Buchman, MD, with Rush University Medical Center in Chicago and member of the American Academy of Neurology.

“The level of frailty was approximately two times higher in a person with a high level of Alzheimer’s disease pathology compared with a person with a low level of Alzheimer's Disease pathology,” said Buchman. The results remained the same regardless of whether a person had a history of other diseases and regardless of their level of physical activity.

A previous study of the same group of participants while they were alive suggested that older people who are physically frail with no cognitive impairment appear to be at higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease as compared to those who were less frail. “Together both of these studies suggest that frailty can be an early indicator of Alzheimer’s disease pathology and may appear before memory loss.”

“These findings raise the possibility that Alzheimer’s disease may contribute to frailty or that frailty and Alzheimer’s disease share a common cause. We theorize that the accumulation of these plaques and tangles in the brain could affect the areas of the brain responsible for motor skills and simple movements years before the development of dementia,” Buchman said.

Studies show that about seven percent of people over age 65 are considered frail; that number jumps to 45 percent after age 85.

The study was supported by the National Institute on Aging, the Illinois Department of Public Health and the Robert C. Borwell Endowment Fund.

Facts about Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer’s disease, which affects 4.5 million Americans, is differentiated as either early-onset or late-onset. The early-onset form is rare and tends to affect those between the ages of 30-60.

Most cases of early-onset are genetic, caused by a mutation of the APP gene. The late-onset form is much more common – accounts for 90 percent of all cases of Alzheimer’s – and tends to affect those aged 65 and older.

With aging baby boomers, the prevalence of late-onset Alzheimer’s is expected to double in the next 25 years as the population ages.

Facts about Dementia 

Dementia is a progressive brain dysfunction (in Latin 'dementia' means irrationality), which results in a restriction of daily activities and in most cases leads in the long term to the need for care. Many diseases can result in dementia, the most common one being Alzheimer's disease .

The probability of suffering from dementia increases with advancing age. Dementia predominantly occurs in the second half of our life, often after the age of 65. The frequency of dementia increases with rising age from less than 2 % for the 65-69-year-olds, to 5 % for the 75-79 year-olds and to more than 20 % for the 85-89 year-olds. Every third person over 90 years of age suffers from moderate or severe dementia (Bickel, Psycho 1996, 4-8). About half of those affected by dementia suffer from Alzheimer's disease.